Reflective integral lattices

by Rudolf Scharlau and Britta Blaschke

Abstract:
A lattice $L$ with a positive definite quadratic form is called reflective if the unique largest subgroup generated by reflections of the orthogonal group ${\mathrm O}(L)$ has no fixed vector. Equivalently, the ``root system'' $\sR(L)$ has maximal rank. The root system of a lattice is defined in Section 1 below; the roots are not necessarily of length 1 or 2. In Section 2 the structure of reflective lattices is worked out. They are described and classified by pairs $(\sR,\CL)$, where $\sR$ is a ``scaled root system'', and the ``code'' $\CL$ is a subgroup of the ``reduced discriminant group'' $\overline{T}(\sR)$. The crucial point is that $\overline{T}(\sR)$ only depends on the combinatorial equivalence class of the root system $\sR$. In Section 3 we give a precise description of the full root system of a reflective lattice if one starts with a sub root system of combinatorial type $n\sA_1$ or $m\sA_2$. In Section 4 our techniques are applied to a complete and explicit description of all reflective lattices in dimensions $\le 6$.

Key words and phrases: lattice, integral quadratic form, root system, reflective lattice, binary code, glue code, Weyl group.

1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 11H55; Secondary 11E12, 51F15, 94B05.

Published: J. of Algebra 181, 934-961 (1996)

Contact: Rudolf.Scharlau@Mathematik.Uni-Dortmund.DE or Blaschke@Mathematik.Uni-Bielefeld.DE